Homework and Classwork Assignment

TOPICS AND NARROWING TOPICS

TRAVELLING
Technology→Ways of travelling→Airplane trips→Purchasign power→Differences between classes (first and standard class).

PARTIES
Parties→Types of parties→Familiar parties→Wedding aniversary.

FEMINISM
Feminism→Society→Women role in history→Sexism.

ANIME
Anime→Types of anime→Meitantei anime→"Meitantei Conan".

GREAT AUTHORS
Great Authors→British authors→Shakespeare→Shakespeare theatre→"Romeo and Juliet".

SPORTS
Sports→Team sports→Basketball→Pau Gasol

EXOTIC PETS
Exotic pets→Animals in captivity→Zoos→Freedom for animals in zoos

SOCIAL JUSTICE
Social justice→Social equality→Women's struggle for equality→Feminism

MULTICULTURALISM
Multiculturalism→Inmigration→Social integration→The Struggle against racial segregation

PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology→The most relevant psychologists→Sigmund Freud→Psychoanalysis

DANCING
Dancing→Kind of dancing→Voguing→Madonna and Voguing

REFLECTIONS AND THOUGHTS
Reflections and thoughts→Questions→Existencial crisis→Hole

SHORT STORIES
Short stories→Children's Stories→Walt Disney's films adaptations→Blancanieves and its terrible original story

NOVELS
Short stories→Children's Stories→Walt Disney's films adaptations→Blancanieves and its terrible original story

CINEMA
Cinema→Types of cinema→Terror films→Psychosys→Norman Bates

TV SERIES
TV Series→HBO→The most expensive TV productions of HBO→Game of Trhones

THE VICTORIAN ERA

The Victorian Era→Industrial Revolution in UK→Economic growth→Differences between social clasess

CUTE THINGS
Cute things→Animals→Pets→Fluffy dogs

STEAMPUNK
Steampunk→Origin→Science fiction→The influence of Jules Verne

BIKES
Bikes→Cyclism→Profesional cyclist→Miguel Indurain

CHESS
Chess→Chess techniques→Professional chess→The best chess professional players→Magnus Carlsen, the best player in the world

LIFE ON CAMPUS
Life on campus→American famous universities→Sisterhooods→Communal living

ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence→Experimentation→First times→Love→Sex

HARRY POTTER
Harry Potter→Magic→Hogwarts→Quidditch

COMEDY
Comedy→Monologues↔Spanish comedians→Dani Rovira

HORROR
Horror→Horror Literature→Edgar Allan Poe→Edgar Allan Poe's Tales→"The Black Cat"

MISTERY
Mistery→Mistery Novels→Conan Doyle→Sherlock Holmes

ALL KIND OF MUSIC

All kind of music→Clasic music→Clasic composers→Beethoven→"For Elisa"

50S MUSIC

50s Music→The beginning of Rock and Roll→Guitar players→Chuck Berry

PUNK

Punk→It origins in 1970→Punk bands→The Ramones

NARROWING OF BOOK - Unit 1, page 5, exercise 1.


UNIT 1: PRE-WRITING: GETTING READY TO WRITE
LISTING
CULTURE SHOCK (Class)

- Different language                                                              

- Schedule                                                        
- Communication problems                         
- Poor verbal skills                                              
- Families don't spend time together
-People are always in a hurry
- Lack confidence
- Americans talk too fast
- Lifestyle is so different
- Classes are crowded
- No integration in school
- Students ask questions

GROUP A                                                      GROUP B

➽ Communication problems                ➽ Family life or lifestyle
- Different language                                          - Families don't spend time together
- Communication problems                            - People are always in a hurry
- Americans talk too fast                                  - Schedule
- Lack vocabulary 

GROUP C

➽ School enviroment
- Classes are crowded
- No integration in school
- Students ask questions

BOOK - THINGS TO DO AT THE BEACH (HOMEWORK)

Unit 1, page 6, exercise 2

- Playing volleybal

- Playing football
- Sunbathe
- Go swimming
- Go windsurfing
- Go surfing
- Go sailing
- Playing tennis
- Walking along the cost line
- Meeting new people

MY COUNTRY (HOMEWORK)

Unit 1, page 6, exercise 3

- Spain

- Spanish people
- Spanish food.
- Football 
- Rafa Nadal
- Typical festivals of Spain
- Nap
- History
- Many official languages
- Sun and beach tourism
- Mediterranean beaches
- Flamenco
- La Alhambra

MY COUNTRY (EDITED) (HOMEWORK)

Unit 1, page 9, exercise 6

- Spain

- Spanish people
- Spanish food⇢ Be more specific (omelette, paella, ham...)
- Football⇢Describe the Spanish team.
- Typical festivals of Spain⇢ Talk about holidays too.
- Nap.
- History.
- Many offical languages.
- Mediterranean beaches.
- Flamenco⇢ Develop the topic.

PROS AND CONS ABOUT CACH OF THE THREE METHODS OF BRAINSTORMING (HOMEWORK)

Unit 1, page 10, exercise 8

LISTING

PROS
- It's useful for develop topics.
- You can address several elements of your topic.
- After doing it you can choose what are the best options.
CONS
- Silly ideas could confuse us.
- It is necessary to develop the ideas better

FREEWRITING

PROS
- You don't lose time because you don't stop writing.
- It's fast.
CONS
- It can be useless.
- For people who never have written, freewriting is very difficult.

MAPPING

PROS
You can see all the ideas together clearly
- The ideas is linked and this is so efficience.

CONS

- You need to know enough about the topic to link ideas.
- You need enough space to develop the map

FREEWRITING

PROBLEMS THAT I CAN FIND WHEN I STAR IN A NEW CENTER (Class)

When I am new in a center, everybody looks me and I can fell uncomfortable. Finding new friends is also difficult because I know nobody and everything is strange for me. For this reason I should talk to classmates, despide the shame, ande we will be more and more comfortable in our new enviroment. On the other hand, another problem could be the way to get the center because I haven't a car and I will have to take the public transport.

DANCING (HOMEWORK)
Unit 1, page 5, exercise 4

I love dancing and, in fact, I' ve danced since I was 9. Always I have enjoyed the music and moving with it. My town is very little and there was only a dance academy where I spent many hours of my childhood, dancing wiht my friends. We learnt many kinds of dancing, such as hip-hop, juzz-funk or house dance, even classic ballet. However, when the moment came, I had to choose between dancing and studying.

CLUSTERING
NEW WAYS OF COMMUNICATION (Class)






FRIENDS (HOMEWORK)

Unit 1, page 8, exercise 5



ASKING QUESTIONS  SHORT STORIES
➽ Why most short stories are for children?
➽ Who writes short stories? Who is the most important writer of short stories?
➽ What must a short story include?
➽ How is a short story created?
➽ Where are short stories set? In science fiction worlds? In macig worlds?
➽ How long is a short story?


CUBING
CINEMA (Class)
 Describing: cinema is a general topic and it includes films, directors, actors or producers. Its       parts could be the different types of cinema.

 Comparing: this topic is similar to literature. In fact, many films are an adaptation of famous books.

 Associating: when we think about cinema we also think about famous films, actors or directors. Therefore we associate cinema with its elements.

Analyzing: cinema is considered as the seventh art and it has many technical aspects suchs as types of scenes, light, decoration, wardrobe.

Applyingthis topic can be used to talk between friends or to know new people. 

Arguing: cinema is a great tool for distraction, relaxation or fun. However, we can idolize characters and it has many times subliminal message.

CROSSWORD PUZZLE (Unit 1, page 10, exercise 7)



UNIT 2: THE STRUCTURE OF A PARAGRAPH
THE  TOPIC SENTENCE (class - 27/09/2018)
 EXERCISE 1





GROUP 1
a)      Too general   c) Incomplete
b)      Too specific   d) The best
Topic: Lunar and solar events.

GROUP 2

a)      The best           d) Incomplete
b)      Too specific     e) Too general
c)       Too specific
Topic: Safe food nowadays.

GROUP 3

a)      Incomplete     c) Too specific
b)      Too general    d) The best
       Topic: Hybrid automobiles.

EXERCISE 2

1.       The topic sentence : letter f
2.       The topic sentence: letter c

EXERCISE 3
The topic is between parentheses. The rest is the controlling idea.

1.        (Driving on freeway) required skill and alertness.
2.       (The Caribbean island of Trinidad) attracts tourist because of its calypso music.
3.       Spectacular beaches make (Puerto Rico) a tourist paradise.
4.       (Moving away from home) can be a stressful experience for people.
5.       Many (religious rules) cross from the health need of ancient times.
6.       A major problem for many students is (the high cost of books.)
7.       Owning a car is (a necessity for me.)

8.       It is an expensive luxury (to own a car in a large city.)

EXERCISE 4
PARAGRAPH 1 
Topic sentence: English language use many words whic come from other countries or cultures

PARAGRAPH 2
Topic sentence: Educational systems used for universities are different in each country.

SUPPORTING SENTENCES
Paragraph B
- Quotation: sentence 7
- Example: sentence 5
- Estadísticas: sentence 3

CONCLUDING SENTENCES (Class - 02/10/2018)
Topic

EXERCISE 1: Greeting Cards

Topic sentence: Have you noticed how many different kinds of greeting cards you can by these days?


Concluding sentence: In shor, there is now a greeting card for every possible life event and for a few noneventes as well.
Techniques used for the supporting sentences: enumeration, listing...

EXRCISE 2: A hawaiian legend.

- Topic sentence: Native people create legends to explain unusual phenomena in their enviroment.


- Concluding sentence: This story is a good example of a legend invented by native people to interprete the world around them.

EXERCISE 3 : Paragraph 1.

Topic sentence: You can be a good conversionalist by being a good listener.
Concluding sentence: Be relaxed and bend your boy slightly forward to show interest in the person and the conversation.
Technique: giving details.

EXERCISE 4: Paragraph 2.

Topic sentence:  Modern communication technology is driving workers in the corporate world crazy.
Concluding sentence: Because they do not have enough time to respond to these messages during office hours, it is common for them to do so in the evenings or on weekends at home. (Paraphrasing).

UNIT 3: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAGRAPH 

HOMEWORK - 04/10/2018
Concluding sentences
Unit 3, page 19
EXERCISE 9






































Giving constructive suggestions Unit 3, page 23
EXERCISE 9
a) -  Can you make this topic sentence stronger?
    - This is a weak topic sentence
b) - Did you remember a concluding sentence?
    - Why didn't you write a concluding sentence?
c) - You didn't write enough.
    - Please explain more about your holiday. Where did you stay? What did you do during the day?
d) - I'm not sure what this part means.
    - This must be wrong. I can't understand it.
e) - I think this sentence should come before the next one.
    - Your organisation is pretty bad. You'd better change it.
f) - Why do you keep saying the same thing over and over again?
   - I think these two sentences are really saying the same thing.
g) - I can't understand why you are talking about your sister.
    - Your paragraph is about your brother, but this sentence is about your sister. Are you sure it's relevant?
h) - This is a good paragraph. Nice work! I wish I could write as well as you.
    - I like your topic sentence because it has a strong main idea. Your example is funny. I wish i could meet your brother


PRATICE - 04/10/18
Peer-Editing
THERE ARE CERTAIN RULES OF CELL PHONE MANNERS THAT EVERYONE
SHOULD KNOW?
In this day and age, it's common to have a mobile phone. Although you have to
know its dangers.

On the one hand, you should be carefully and take care of your personal profile in 
whatsapp or in whatever social networks because sometimes you could be tricked
by aperson who uses a false identification.

On the other hand, you should use mobile phones in things that you really need like
if you were lost, you would use Google Maps for example, looking for information for
a work and so on, always preventing falling into and addiction.

Definitely, using a mobile phone it's not a toy. You have to use it for neccessary 
things and always with carefully!

COMMENTS
Here, we have a paragraph with six sentences. The topic sentences could be "In 
this day and age, it's common to have a mobile phone. Althouhgh you have to know 
it dangers" and the concluding sentence is "Definitely, using a mobile phone it's not 
a toy. You have to use it for neccessary things and always with carefully!". Also, 
there are four supporting sentences for every supporting point. Each point is 
introduced by a transition signal and explained with at least an example. 
About the transition signals, I can say that we can find four and I think that this is 
the right number for a paragraph of this length. 
On the other hand, the fact that the writer talk about taking care of our personal 
profile in social networks sames to me really interesting and we can understand the 
paragraph easily. However, I would like to know more about how to avoid falling into 
an addiction because I considere that this point needs more information.
Besides, the title and spacing are well and the ideas are separated with appropiate 
margins. 
In conclusion, we can appreciate that the writer's best writing skill is the 
organization of the ideas and the clarity.


CLASWORK - 11/10/2018
Error Codes

1. Correct the errors in the following sentences.
a) attracts
b) games
c) a
d) is concerned
e) The sentence is not finished. It needs to be longer.
f) complete
g) was spent
h) expected

2. Find six erros in the following paragraph and correct them.

- Line 1: Regularly is regular
- Line 2: to jog is to jogging.
- Line 3: time is times / received is receive.
- Line 6: during is while.
- Line 7: care is care of.

Rewriting and Proof-Reading

- Underline the error and correct it.
2. Innocence is innocent.
3. However must be followed by a comma.
4. There were is there have been.
5. Successfulness is success.
6. Pervious is previous.
7. Company is companies.
8. Conclude and conclusion are an acummulation of the same words.
9. In is in the.
10. Consumers when go out is when consumers go out.

- Underline the errors in the paragraph below and then re-write it.

Line 3: of is for. / Firstly need a comma (Firstly, ...).
Line 7: provide is provides / forein is foreign.

UNIT 4: A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE
PRACTICE (Class 11/10/2018)
A description of a place.
Questions
- Where is the place?
- How big is it?
- How warm or cold is the place?
- How does the place make you feel? Why?
- What things can you see in this place?
- What colours do you see?

PARAGRAPH
In this picture we can see an awesome cliff belonging to the Giant’s Causeway
which is located in Northern Ireland . This is an impressive place where the water
collides with the rocks, turning the it into foam, which is a beautiful scenery.
These rocks are brown and pointed and, views them from afar, they look like an
old, imposing castle. Probably, this place it is cold and wet due to the sea.
Also, we can appreciate the beauty of the sky, coloured by yellow and blue. This, 
as well as the great waves, bring the scenery the magnificence that characterizes it.
I imagine that there we could smell the salt and the typical smells of the sea; hear 
the noise of the waves; and touch the rocks relief. It seems to me a peaceful place
to spend the time alone, to reflect and think.
The picture of this place makes me feel so relaxed because of the warm colours, the 
sensory experiences that it transmits and, definitely, its sumptuousness.

UNIT 5: OPINION PARAGRAPHS

CLASSWORK - 16/10/ 2018

Unit 5, page 34
EXERCISE 2
a) Opinion.
b) Opinion.
c) Fact.
d) Both.
e) Fact
f) Both.
g) Fact.
h) Both.

EXERCISE 3
Use opinions: a review, informal letters, an essay, an article
Use facts: a report, a scientific article.

EXERCISE 4

a) Fact.
b) Opinion.
c) Fact.
d) Fact.
e) Opinion.
f) Fact.
g) Opinion.
h) Opinion.

EXERCISE 5

- Fact sentences:
a) The Earth spins around the sun.
b) Polar bears are endangered animals.
c) The Second World War ended in 1945.
Opinion sentences:
d) Dogs are better than cats.
e) Learning English is easy for me.
f) Football is a boring sport.

Unit 5, page 36

EXERCISE 9 
1. Smoking must be banned in all restaurant and bars - I agree because there are many people who detest the smoke.
2. University students should not have part-time jobs. - I agree because these part-time jobs steal students a lot of time to study.
3. Zoos are a good way to save endangered species. - I disagree because I think that in zoos the animals can't live the wildlives they deserve.
4. Women and men should have the same salary. - I agree because both deserve a payment for what they work, regardless of sex.
5. Science is more important than art, philosophy or literature. - I disagree because they are  so important too to understand the world where we live in.
HOMEWORK - 15/10/2018
Unit 4, page 26
EXERCISE 2.
Adjectives: popular, beautiful, white, tree-lined, loud, roaring, cool, unforgettable.

EXERCISE 3
- Prepositions: down, as soon as, around, in the corner, front, in.

Unit 4, page 27

EXERCISE 4
- I am in my bedroom that is very comfortable.
- You can see the desk in front of the bed, which is in the middle of the room.
- The walls are painted in purple and there is a Game of Thrones poster on the wall, 
   between the bed and the desk.
- The closet is to the right of the door and the bookcase is next to it.
- When I am in my bedroom I feel in peace because it is full of familiar things.
- Also, my bedroom is always tidy.

EXERCISE 5

Personality: funny and nice.
Physical characteristics: gorgeous, dyed hair.

Unit 4, page 28

EXERCISE 6
Adjectives that describe the grandmother: strength, kindness, not very big, tiny, 
thin, strong, happy, patient. 

Unit 4, page 29.

EXERCISE 9
a) Topic sentence: Brown rice and vegetables is asimple and delicious meal to make.
     Concluding sentence: Now you are ready to enjoy your delicious brown rice and vegetables!
b) List the steps.
1. Cook the rice.
2. Cut the vegetables into one-inch pieces.
3. Heat the oil, chilli sauce, and garlic in a frying pan.
4. Add the vegetables and fry them until they are soft, but still a little bit crunchy.
5. Stir in the cooked rice.
6. After sitrring the rice and vegetables together, add salt and pepper to your own taste.
7. Put the rice and vegetables into a large bowl and spring onions on top.
c) The steps in the paragraph are connected by transition words such as first, then, next,after that, now, after, finally...

Unit 4, page 30.

EXERCISE 10
- More transition words: firstly, in the first place, after all, above, at last, at first, later, soon, meanwhile or lastly.
EXERCISE 11
a) First
b) before
c) after
d) Then
e) after 
f) next
g) Finally
Unit 4, page 12

EXERCISE 12
1. - G
2. - A
3. - B
4. - E
5. - D
6. - C
7. - F

CLASSWORK - 18/10/2018

Unit 5, page 37
EXERCISE 13
a) Therefore
b) since
c) since/because
d) so
e) since/ because
f) Therefore

EXERCISE 14

a) The city doesn't have enough money so we ough to increase council tax.
b) I'm going to leave my part-time job because I don't have enough time for my homework.
c) Some plants and trees are dying since this summer has been very dry.
d) Many students are graduating with nursing degrees. Therefore, it might be hard for nurses to find jobs in the future.
e) My friends all recommend that restaurant so I will try it this weekend.

EXERCISE 15
a) Because there are many people who detest the smoke, I agree with this statement.
b) I agree with this statement since there are many people who detest the smoke.
c) Part-time jobs stole stole students a lot of time so they should not work.
d) Since 
e) Zoos are not a good way to save endangered animals because, there, animals can't live the wildlives they deserve.
e) Since art, philosophy and literature are so important to understand the world we live in, science are not more relevant than them.
f) Women are like men. Therefore, they should have the same salary.

PRACTICE - 18/10/2018
Analysis of a TED Talk
- What's the topic of the TED talk? What's the main idea? When does the speaker introduce his idea? How?
- What are the means of support used by the speaker to convince us that his opinion is right? Provide examples.
- What's the speaker's conlusion? How does he "conclude"?

The topic of the TED talk is the lack of creativity in nowadays educational systems. 
The main idea is that educational system, through all the world are killing creativity 
and he introduces his idea at the beginning.
He tries to convince us giving us some examples.He said that kids are learning that 
being wrong is terrible, and this makes kids lose creativity, when we are afraid of 
make a mistake we can't be creative. He also said that art, literature or dance are 
scorned and if we study them we won't be able to find a good job. For this reason, 
now, just useful degrees to work are considered as sucessfull and the rest are 
completely useless. 
To conclude, he said to us that it is necessary change the educational system for 
our children and let them choose what they want to study. 

HOMEWORK - 18/10/2018
EXERCISE: read the text and write two opinion paragraphs.

INTERNET FOR REFUGEES

    On the one hand, I think that Mr Zuckerberg is doing a great effort to make refugees life easier by facilitating the Internet arrival at refugee’s camps. I agree, therefore, with his project because, as he said, Internet is a good way to keep the contact with relatives who is still living in their countries at war. In addition, we can’t imagine living without being able to search something in Google or check our contacts but refugees live in isolated places from the rest of the world where they can only communicate with the people who live next to them. This make refugees feel depressed and alone. For this reason, from my viewpoint, giving them the opportunity to have Internet access could be a positive influence in their lives.
    Nevertheless, on the other hand, although the Zuckerberg attempt to bring the Internet to UN camps refugees is well, perhaps he should try to solve first some more important issues about refugees. They spend a lot of time in those overcrowded camps with the uncertainty of when they will be able to return their origin countries. They also live in miserable and inappropriate conditions such as internal disputes, sexual harassment or growing medical needs. Powerful people as Mr Zuckerberg could destine their money to cover these refugees’ basic needs or help to speed up the procedure to make easier the moves before than give them Internet access.

UNIT 6: COMPARISON/CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS
CLASSWORK - 23/10/2018
Choosing a topic

Unit 6, page 40
EXERCISE 1
People: nice and rude.
Places: open and close.
Things: useless and useful. 

Comparing and contrasting
Unit 6, page 41
EXERCISE 2
Topic sentence:  My parents want me to live with a host family in the city, but I 
want to live in a shared flat in a hall of residence on the campus.
a) What two things does the second paragraph talk about? About the advantages and drawbacks about living with a host family or in a shared hall of residence on the campus.
 b) Is the second paragraph mostly comparing or mostly contrasting? How do you know? Mostly contrasting, because the second paragraph talks about the differences between each thing.

Comparative conjunctions 

Unit 6, page 42
EXERCISE 3
a) the same as
b) Likewise
c) Both.... and 
d) just as modern as the cities...

Comparative and contrastive structures

Unit 6, page 43
EXERCISE 4
a) while/ but/ though.
b) different from.
c) In contrast/ on the other hand/ however. 
d) more quickly than in the past.

Similarities and differences
Unit 6, page 44
EXERCISE 5
Similarities
1. Both car are made in Germany.
2. Both are driven by a dog.
3. Both are dark.
4. Both are for sale.
Differences
5. The car one is bigger than car two.
6. The car one has five doors while the car two has only three doors.
7. The car one is cheaper than car two.
8. The car one has four seats and the car two has two seats.

Comparison/Contrast organisation

Unit 6, page 45
EXERCISE 6
a) Which paragraph mostly compares and which mostly contrasts? The first paragraph mostly contrast and the second one mostly compares.
b) Finish filling in the outlines on page 46 for each paragraph.
 Block organisation: Paragraph 1
Topic A - reading a book
Supporting points:
1. A book gives a lot of description about the people, places, and things in the story. 
2. The conversations between people are always written with details that describe how the people look or feel while they are talking.
Topic B - watching a film
Supporting points:
1. Watching a film, you don't need use your imagination because the pictures on the screen give all the details about the people, places, and things in the story.
2. The conversations are spoken out loud,so you just listen and watch and the feelings of the people come through their faces, body movements, and voices.

Point-by-point organisation: Paragraph 2
First point of comparison - difficult childhood.
A1: Marilyn Monroe - spent many years without parents in an orphanage.
B1: Princess Diana - mother left family.
Second point of comparison - married famous men.
A2: Princess Diana - married Prince Charles, later separated from him.
B2:Marilyn Monroe - married a famous baseball player and later a famous writer.
Third point of comparison - very popular.
A3: Princess Diana - called "The people's princess" because she was so friendly.
B3: Marilyn Monroe - was famously sexy and she was well-liked because she 
seemed very innocent.
Fourth point of comparison - had emotional problems.
A4: Marilyn Monroe - had a serious depression and had to go to a hospital for 
treatment.
B4: Princess Diana - suffered from an eating problem and was depressed during 
parts of her marriage.
Fifth point of comparison - they were thirty-six old when they died.
A5: Marilyn Monroe - in 1962.
B5: Princess Diana - in 1997.

PRACTICE - 25/10/2018
Poems of comparison

- Similes, metaphors and personifications. 
- Descriptive imagery, including bold, colorful words. Your theasurus will definitely 
  help!
- Your poem does no have to rhyme.
- Do not write your poem in a paragraph form. Write individual lines.


POSSIBLE TOPICS

- A kitchen appliance, like a toaster or mister
- beach or ocean or waves.
- a howling wind or a gentle breeze, a rainstorm or blizzard.
- mountains or hills or a field or meadow.
- trains.
- storm clouds.
- rivers, streams, creeks, waterfall.
- a season.
- a kind of animal.

QUESTIONS

- How does my subject look like a person?
- How does my subject act like a person?
- What can I compare my subject to? What can my subject be? What can it be like?
- Idea: When writing poems of comparison, compare your subject to a color, a smell,
  a taste, an animal, a machine, or a vehicle.

My poem: The pass of time
It is like a flower wich withers as time passes
The beautiful mane is suddenly white snow
And the young man leans on the crow
The time manipulates the clock hands as its please



UNIT 7: Developing Paragraphs 
CLASSWORK - (30/10/2018)
Problems and solutions
Deforestation:
Problem (1st Paragraph) → Topic Sentence → Issue → Controlling Idea
                                           → Supporting Sentence ⤦
                                           → Concluding Sentence ⤦

Solution (2nd Paragraph → Topic Sentence → Issue → Controlling Idea
                                           → Supporting Sentence ⤦
                                           → Concluding Sentence⤦
Writing about problems
Unit 7, page 50
EXERCISE 3
a) air pollution. This is a problem because air pollution hurts our health and it also break the ozone layer, allowing ultraviolet rays to pass. 
b) traffic. Traffic is an issue, especially in big cities due to it generates air and acoustic pollution that also is really harmful for our health.
c) overcrowded classrooms. When classrooms are overcrowed, students mislead theirselves easily and don't learn enough.
d) political corruption. This is a problem since corrupted politicians waste public money from taxes on their personal lifes.
e) gender-based violence. Everyday thousands of women are killed by their partner or husband. This problem needs to be solved as soon as possible to avoid more deaths. 

A CURRENT PROBLEM: Starvation
According to a report published at the end of 2017, starvation in the world affected 
800 million of people in 2016, in other words 11% of the global population. It is 
caused for two reasons: the conflicts and weather changes. If starvation doesn't 
improve people lives will depend on farming and it will produce difficulties to access 
food in the markets.

Unit 7, page 52
EXERCISE 4
Conditional sentences in the paragraphs on page 51.
- If deforestation continues, the world's climate may change, floods may become 
     more common, and animals will die.
- If you use less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making. 
- If you follow the three Rs-reduce, reuse, and recycle- you can help save the world's forests.

Condicional sentences
Unit 7, page 52
EXERCISE 6
a) If it rains this weekend, I won't go out with my friends.
b) If the library isn't open tomorrow, I should study at home.
c) If petrol prices increase even more, people won't be able to afford to buy a car.
d) If we decide to go to the cinema, I'll call you tonight.
e) If you run a bussines, you can make a lot of money.
f) If I have to work in summer, I won't go on holiday.

Linking problemas with solutions
Unit 7, page 53
EXERCISE 10
a) We must reduce exam stress for secondary school students.
- In order to solve this problems we could make studies more interesting
- Another answer is encoruage students' creativity and curiosity.
- If we coach students better for their exams, they will able to reduce their stress.
b) Teenagers spend so much time using their mobile phones that they are no longer skilled at face-to face interaction.
- One thing we can do is talking about interesting topics which make us forget mobile phones.
- A second answer is leaving all mobile phones together while we are meeting.
c) In the next five to ten years, experts predict that there won't be enough doctors and nurses to meet hospitals' needs.
- One thing we can do is encouraging students to study medicine or nursering.
- Another solution is warn student about the importance of doctors and nurses in
hospitals.
d) We need to find ways to protect young children from violence on television.
- To meet this need parents must avoid that their children watch violent series or films.
- Also, we must warn children that violent isn't fine despite the fact that it is present 
in anywhere.

EXERCISE: Write a problem paragraph.
Education is, currently, a serious problem due to the fact that young people are not 
actually interested in their studies. As a result we have a very high drop-out rate
The reason why this happens is because our educational system sentences the 
students errors and it doesn't take advantage to learn and this made that our 
students don't have creativity and curiosity. In the same way, there is an excesive 
politicization in education by 

Punctuation Rules
EXERCISE
2. A company that wants to be successful must spend a great deal of money to advertise its products. (We don't need any commas)
3. Advertising is essential to the free enterprise system yet, it can sometimes be very annoying. (Coordinator)
4. Every minute of the day and night people are exposed to ads on television, on billboards, in the newspapers and in magazines (coordinator).
5. You cannot even avoid advertising in the privacy of your own car, or your own home, for advertisers have begun selling their products in those places too (coordinator).


UNIT 8: THE STRUCTURE OF  AN ESSAY
CLASSWORK - 13/11/2018
Unit 8, page 57
EXERCISE 
 - Introduction: first paragraph.
- Main body paraprahs: second and third paragraphs.
- Conclusion: last paragraph. 

Thesis Statements
Unit 8, page 58
EXERCISE 3
a) These foods are popular in Britain, but during my travels, I discovered that there is so much more to eating in the UK. 
b) Although koalas look like toys, they are actually strong climbers and spend their days in treetops.
c) Taoism is an ancient philosophy from Asia that places great importance on the natural world.

Writing a strong thesis statement
Unit 8, page 59
EXERCISE 4
a) The top government official in my country is the prime minister. F → It would be necessary to develop more the topic and give your own opinion about this fact.
b) Some people prefer digital cameras, while others like traditional cameras. N
c) India became an independent country in 1947. N, it's no clear what is the writer's opinion.
d) To be a succesful student, good study habits are more important than intelligence.
e) There are several advantages of owning a car, but there are also many disadvantages. N, it would be necessary to specify the advantages and disadvantages.
f) Half of the families in my country own a house. F
g) Using public transport would be one of the best ways to solve the traffic and pollution problems in cities around the world.
h) While travelling, staying in a hotel offers more comfort, but sleeping in a tent is less expensive. N
i) Classical music concerts are very popular in my country. F, we should include more points of this fact. 
j) In order to create a successful advertisement, it is necessary to consider three issues: who should be targeted, where the advert should be placed, and what type of advert should be made. ✓ 

CLASSWORK - 15/11/2018
How to connect 
EXERCISE
Paragraph a.
- Topic sentence: The truth is that there are more food in Britain than we think.
  For this paragraph we would need 3 paragraphs as much.
Paragraph b.
- Topic sentence: Despite the fact that Koalas are very strong climbers, they are 
  endangered species.
  In this case we could develop more this topic in 4 paragraphs. 

PRACTICE - 15/11/2018
Traditional Structure Activity
1. Welcome to the 21st century world of work. It's a very different world than our grandparents experienced; very few people learn one job and perform it until they retire. The 21st century workplace, given its uncertain and thus flexible nature, requires a special set of skills.
2. Successful workers in the 21st century need to understand how they, themselves, learn. Some companies offer training in learning styles, and many learning style assessments exist online. In addition to understanding themselves as learners, workers also need to learn how to assess gaps in their knowledge.
3. Wertheim (2008) states that "people in organizations typically spend over 75% of their time in an interpersonal situation; thus it is no surprise to find that at the root of a large number of organizational problems is poor communications. Effective communication is an essential component of organizational success whether it is at the interpersonal, intergroup, intragroup, organizational, or external levels" (p. 21).
4. Multiple researchers, such as those from enGuage in their report Literacy in the Digital Age (2003), note that workers need to learn how to quickly adapt to changing technology, changing structures in their workplaces, and changing work environments.
5. The ability to deal with change, the need to learn how to learn, and the ability to communicate in multiple modes, varied situations, and with various groups of people are special skills needed by the 21st century worker. Think of your own workplace ten or even five years ago. How much has it changed and how much has your own job changed? Are you ready to meet the challenge of the next ten years?

My essay - He who laughs last, laughs best
Everyone knows Hamlet, the famous character created by Shakespeare. 
Maybe, the name of Ahab sounds familiar to you, a gloomy captain to 
whom Herman Melville gave life.  And what to say about Heathcliff, a poor 
adopted boy invented by Emily Brönte. All of them have something 
indisputable in common: revenge. Indeed, that ruthless way to condemn 
ourselves those we believe deserve it. Revenge, faithful protagonist of 
novels and films and an inexhaustible resource in literature, cinema and 
television to keep the viewer hooked.

There’s no doubt that all of us have had an evil thought against that 
people who bother us or has bothered us once in our lives. However, far 
from drama, fiction and our perverse minds, it is difficult to talk about 
retaliation as something real, since this is not the best way to do justice; it 
looks more like personal satisfaction. In the same way, we can think that 
the fact of seeing the people who we despise fall make us feel better. 

Nevertheless, this does not work like that; the rejoicing has an expiration 
date because revenge is an irrational impulse and we never stop thinking 
about it. The negative thoughts and the fear that the other person will also 
take revenge can become a really vicious circle. There is something much 
more effective: letting life put everyone in their place. The intense feeling 
that brings us revenge makes us feel alive for a moment but we will be 
becoming people as detestable as those we wanted to chastise.

All things considered, revenge is not a dish best served cold nor hot ; it's 
better a dish not served. Let’s leave the passion aside and let’s think with 
the reason. Because the truth is that anyone who knows works 
like Hamlet, Moby Dick or Wuthering Heights, also knows that they do not 
end well.

He who laughs last, laughs best, but not for much longer. 


UNIT 9: OUTLINING AN ESSAY
CLASSWORK - 20/11/2018
Writing an outline
Unit 9, page 64
EXERCISE 1
a) What will the thesis statement of the essay be?
Nuclear power is not a good energy source for the world
b) How many paragraphs will there be in the main body?
There will be three paraprahs in the main body: the first will talk about the cost of 
nuclear energy. The second one will talk about nuclear materials. The last one will 
talk about the possibility of accidents.
c) How many supporting points will the third paragraph have? What will they 
be?
The third paragraph will have two supporting ideas: nuclear fuels are dangerous; nuclear waste products are dangerous. Each one will include explanations. 
d) How many details will the fourth paragraph have? What will they be?
The fourth paragraph will have eight details: Three Mile Island, USA (1979); 
Tarapur, India (1992); Darlington, Canada (1992) for the point that nuclear power 
stations can fail). Chernobyl, USSR (1986); Kola, Russia (1991); Tokaimura, Japan 
(1999) for the idea that workers can make mistakes. Eartquake: Kozloduy, Bulgaria 
(1977); Tornado: Moruroa, the Pacific (1981) for the point that natural dissasters 
can occur.

Unit 9, page 66
EXERCISE 2
The Changing Vocabulary of English.
I. Thesis Statement: English vocabulary has also been influenced by other countries and groups of people. 
II. Words introduced by African Americans.
A. OK
1. From an African language
2. Now used all over the world to mean all right.
B. Jazz
1. Came from African American musicisians in New Orleans 
2.  Exact origin unknown.
III. Words whose meanings changed over time
A. Cool 
1. Original meanings
2. New meanings
B. Square
1.Original meaning
2. New meaning.
IV. Conclusion: Existin ethnic groups in the United States as well as new 
immigrants will certainly continue to bring new words to English and give 
fresh meanings to existing words.

Unit 9, page 67
EXERCISE 3
Title: The Benefits of Yoga.
a) Develops clear thinking - S.
b) Physical benefits - M
c) Improves concentration - S
d) Reduces fear, anger, and worry - S
e) Mental benefits - M
f) Improves blood circulation - S
g) Improves digestion - S
h) Helps you feel calm and peaceful -  S
i.) Develops self-confidence - S
j)  Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body, and your emotions - T
k) Makes you strong and flexible - S
l) Therefore, to build mental, physical, and emotional health, consider doing yoga - C
m) Emotional benefits - M

EXERCISE 4
I. Doing yoga regularly can be good for your mind, your body, and your emotions.
II. Mental benefits
A. Develops clear thinking.
B. Improves concentration.
III. Physical benefits.
A. Improves digestion
B. Improves blood digestion
C. Makes you strong and flexible.
IV. Emotional benefits.
A. Develops self-confidence
B. Reduces fear, anger, and worry
C. Helps you feel calm and peaceful
V. Therefore, to build mental, physical, and emotional health, consider doing yoga.

Unit 9, page 68
EXERCISE 5
I. This point is right.
II. In points B and C, the dates are in the wrong order. Also, the point E it isn't necessary.
III. There are too many main ideas. Some of them such as the point B or C are not relevant. The rest of the point could be more specific.
IV. Here would be interesting to make a balance between California in the 1800s and California today.
V. The conclusion is okay. 


UNIT 10: INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
CLASSWORK - 27/11/2018
The Introduction
Unit 10, page 72
EXERCISE 1
General ideas: 
- Most Americans would probably say that their language comes from England.
- English has been influenced by other countries or groups.
- Some words are borrowed from other languages 
Specific idea (Thesis statement): African Americans have contributed and 
changed words.


EXERCISE 2
a) Weak. It is probably too short because a strong introduction must have 5 to 10 sentences. The information is not interesting neither.
b) Strong
c) Weak. The introduction does not have a thesis statement. Also, many of the information is not really relevant.
d) Weak. In this case the introduction is too long. There is too information .
e) Weak. It is too short and the ideas need to be developed and related.

PRACTICE - 27/11/2018
Introductory Paragraphs
Step 1: Read each of the following sets of sentences. When put in the correct
order, they will form introductory paragraphs.
Step 2: Write each paragraph, beginning with the most general statement first.
Then add each sentence in the correct order until the introduction.
Step 3: Identify the type of introduction (funnel,
dramatic/interesting/funny/story/surprising statitics, historical).

PARAGRAPH 1
Step 1:
1. The way people greet each other when they meet for the first time varies from culture to culture.
2. In some cultures, people bow, and in others, they shake hands.
3. In English-speaking countries, shaking hands is te custom.
4. A proper handshake has four ingredients: pressure, pumps, eye contact, and verbal message.
5. If done properly, a handshake gives the impression of strength and honesty, and if done improperly, it converys weakness and dishonesty.
6. How one shakes hands sends an important message about one's character.

Step 2:
The way people greet each other when they meet for the first time varies from 
culture to culture. In some cultures, people bow, and in others, they shake hands.In 
English-speaking countries, shaking hands is te custom.A proper handshake has 
four ingredients: pressure, pumps, eye contact, and verbal message.If done 
properly, a handshake gives the impression of strength and honesty, and if done 
improperly, it converys weakness and dishonesty.How one shakes hands sends an 
important message about one's character.

Type of introduction: Facts.

PARAGRAPH 2
Step 1
1. Mr. X went to Mexico from England to manage a milk pasteurization.
2. Then one day an impressive new pasteurization unit arrived and was installed.
3.The employees did most of the planning and draped the new unit with garlands.
4. To celebrate de occasion, Mr. X decided to throw a big party at the plant.
5. During the party one of Mr X's supervisors took him aside and said, "Now we see that you are buena gente, from now on I am sure everyone will really try to do their best for you".
6. The party was a great success, and everybody had a good time.
7. For eight months, he tried every every way possible to convince his workers of the importance of punctuality and of checking every detail of their work.
8. The response was always, " Yes, yes, we will do our best, but nothing ever changed. 
 9. And so it was - neither punctuality and of checking every detail of their work.
10. This story illustrates the need to understand that doing business in a different culture demands an undestanding of the culture.

Step 2: 
Mr. X went to Mexico from England to manage a milk pasteurization.Then one day 
an impressive new pasteurization unit arrived and was installed.The employees did 
most of the planning and draped the new unit with garlands.To celebrate de 
occasion, Mr. X decided to throw a big party at the plant. During the party one of Mr 
X's supervisors took him aside and said, "Now we see that you are buena gente, 
from now on I am sure everyone will really try to do their best for you".The party 
was a great success, and everybody had a good time.  For eight months, he tried 
every every way possible to convince his workers of the importance of punctuality 
and of checking every detail of their work. The response was always, " Yes, yes, we 
will do our best, but nothing ever changed. And so it was - neither punctuality and 
of checking every detail of their work. This story illustrates the need to understand 
that doing business in a different culture demands an undestanding of the culture.

Type of paragraph: Story

PARAGRAPH 3
Step 1:
1.In an average year, earthquakes kill 10,000 people worldwide and cause millions of dollars worth of property damage.
2. In 1976, and earthquake in Tangshan, China, killed over 250,000 people.
3. Iran suffered more than 80,000 deaths in two massive quakes in 1990 and 2003.
4. Currently under study are four main methods for predicting when an where the next Big One will occur.
5. Scientist keep trying to find ways to predict earthquakes - so far without much cuccess.

Step 2:
In an average year, earthquakes kill 10,000 people worldwide and cause millions of 
dollars worth of property damage. In 1976, and earthquake in Tangshan, China, 
killed over 250,000 people. Iran suffered more than 80,000 deaths in two massive 
quakes in 1990 and 2003.Currently under study are four main methods for 
predicting when an where the next Big One will occur. Scientist keep trying to find 
ways to predict earthquakes - so far without much cuccess. 

Type of paragraph: Statistics


PRACTICE - 29/11/2018
Types of information
Unit 10, page 74
EXERCISE 5
a) Does the conclusion use any of the four techniques described above? Which one?
 The conclusion restates the thesis and makes a final comment about the essay's 
main idea.
b) Which sentence in the conclusion restates the thesis (from the 
introduction)?
 The first sentence restates the thesis statement.

Unit 10, page 75
EXERCISE 6
a) 3  b) 1  c) 5  d) 2  e) 6 f) 4


UNIT 11: UNITY AND COHERENCE
CLASSWORK - 04/12/2018
Unity in Writing
 Unit 11, page 78
EXERCISE 1
a) Underline the thesis statement with two lines.
The philosophy of Chinese medicine is not the same as the philosophy of mordern 
medicine, but it is useful for curing many health problems.
b) Underline each topic sentence with one line. 
Fist main body paragraph:
- Modern medicine focuses on illness.
Second main body paragraph:
- Instead of focusing on a patient's health problems, Chinese medicine tries to make the patient's whole body well again.
c) List the supporting ideas in each main body pharagraph on a separate piece of paper.
 First main body paragraph:
- In modern medicine, a patient with a cough gets medicine to stop the cough.
- Different medicine give for fever.
- Same medicine given to all people.
- Philosophy of modern medicine - stop problems quickly.
Second main body paragraph:
- Chinese medicine - two types of energy in people.
- One type is yin.
- Second type is yang.
- Healthy  when there is equal balance of energy.
- Imbalance means person is unhealthy.
- Don't stop illness by giving medicine.
- Herbs given to restore balance, so illness stops naturally.
d) After you have finished, review the topic sentences and supporting ideas. With a partner, discuss how the topic sentences relate to the thesis statement and how the supportigs sententeces relate to the topic sentences. Is the essay unified?
Yes, the essay is unified

CLASSWORK - 11/12/2018
Cohesive devices
Unit 11, page 83
EXERCISE 4
1. Instead
2. In particular
3. For instance
4. Instead
5. As a result

Unit 11, page 84
EXERCISE 5 
a) it= Barcelona 
b) It= Barcelona
c) its= the Barrio Góticos
d) its= Barcelona's
e) they= Catalan speakers in and around Barcelona 
f) there= in Barcelona
g) this= all of the previous supporting points in the paragraph

Unit 11, page 86
EXERCISE 7
We could add some connectors such as:
Ho Chi Minh City, located in Vietnam, is a fascinating destination for travellers to 
Shoutheast Asia. It was once an important trading centre for the French in Souteast 
Asia [...] For example, many people, especially the older generations, learned 
French in school and still can speak it very well. In addition, some cafés serve 
French-style bread and pastries in Ho Chi Minh City, and expensive hotels and 
restaurants serve French food. Another sign of French influence is that many of the 
buildings in the city are built in French style. There are also many museums and 
monuments documenting the country's long - and often bloody - history. The 
Vietnamese and the Frech also fought, but the French eventually left the county. 
[...] 

CLASSWORK - 13/12/2018
Review
Unit 11, page 87
EXERCISE 11
a) Don't count your chickens before they hatch.
b) When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
c) Time flies when you're having fun.
d) You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink.
e) Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Cry, and you cry alone.
f) You don't know what water is worth until your well is dry

EXERCISE 12
- A mal tiempo, buena cara → Every could has a silver lining.
- Al que madruga Dios le ayuda → The early bird gets the prime time.


UNIT 12: ESSAYS FOR EXAMINATIONS
CLASSWORK - 13/12/2018
Instructions for timed essays
Unit 12, page 89
EXERCISE 2
a) Compare and contrast state and private secondary school education in your country.
b) Think of a story you have read which has also been made into a film. Describe the differences between the two versions.
c) Show how the rise in popularity of communication by mobile phone has changed the ways in which young people communicate.
d) Discuss three results of the Norman of Britain in 1066. Which do you feel was the most important?
e) Which enviromental problem is the most significant in your community? Explain how your community can solve this problem.

CLASSWORK - 18/12/2018
Answering directly
Unit 12, page 90
EXERCISE 4
a) ❌There are too many general sentences.
b) ✔️It answers the question clearly.
c) ❌The first sentence is too general
d) ❌The writer lists many effects of the gold rush, but does not choose the most important one.
e)✔️ It answers the question clearly.

Managing your time
Unit 12, page 92
EXERCISE 5
a) Some people like to organise their own trips, and others like to travel on a professionally organised tour. Which do you prefer and why?
I. Travelling on a professionally organised tour bring you the experience of enjoying a fantastic trip without any concern.
II. You find all issues of the trip solved
III. The travel agency will prepare you the most touristic activities
      A. Shows or musicals.
      B. Monuments.
IV. Advantageous prices
V. Conclusion: Hiring a travel agency is a great option if you want to enjoy all aspects of a trip without organising anything and at a good price.
b) Your community is considering buildign a new shopping centre in the centre of town. Do you support of oppose this plan? Give specific reasons in your answer.
I. Building a new shopping centre in the centre of my town would be a good idea for the development of the town.
II. A shopping centre attracts people from other towns.
    A. Increase income
III. Create new jobs.
IV. People do not have to travel anywhere to go shopping.
V. Conclusion: a shopping centre would help a lot the economy and the dinamity of the town.

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